Development Implications Childhood depression Symptoms < Age 3: Feeding problems, tantrums, lack of playfulness and emotional expressiveness Ages 3 to 5: Accident proneness, phobias, excessive

Predisposing factors to depression Biological theories Genetics Hereditary factor may be involved Biochemical influences Deficiency of norepinephrine, serotonin, and dopamine has been implicated. Excessive cholinergic

Depressive Disorders Depression is the oldest and one of the most frequently diagnosed psychiatric illnesses. Transient symptoms are normal, healthy responses to everyday disappointments in

Treatment Modalities Individual psychotherapy Cognitive therapy Behavior therapy Systematic desensitization Implosion therapy Other non-pharmacologic treatments for anxiety Treatment Modalities: Psychopharmacology Classifications of Meds used Selective

Client/Family Education Nature of the Illness What is anxiety? To what might it be related? What is O C D? What is body dysmorphic disorder?

Planning/Implementation Panic Anxiety: Real or perceived threat to biological integrity or self-concept and evident any or all of the physical symptoms identified by the DSM-5

Diagnosis/Outcome identification Nursing diagnoses commonly associated with anxiety, O C D, and related disorders Panic anxiety (panic disorder and G A D) Powerlessness (panic disorder

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (O C D) Assessment data Recurrent obsessions or compulsions that are severe enough to be time-consuming or to cause marked distress or significant

Types of phobia   Classifications Fear Classifications Fear Acrophobia Height Mysophobia Dirt, germs, contamination Ailurophobia Cats Numerophobia Numbers Algophobia Pain Nyctophobia Darkness Anthophobia Flowers Ochophobia

Phobias Agoraphobia Fear of being vulnerable in places or situations from which escape might be difficult or in which help might not be available in

Application of Nursing Process Panic disorder: Assessment Characterized by recurrent panic attacks, the onset of which are unpredictable and manifested by intense apprehension, fear, or

Anxiety, Obsessive-Compulsive, and Related Disorders Anxiety is an emotional response to anticipation of danger, the source of which is largely unknown or unrecognized. Anxiety is