Alcohol Use Disorder: Patterns of use Phase I. Pre-alcoholic phase: Characterized by use of alcohol to relieve everyday stress and tensions of life Phase II.

Classes of Psychoactive substances Alcohol Caffeine Cannabis Hallucinogens Inhalants Opioids Sedatives/hypnotics Stimulants Tobacco Predisposing Factors Biological factors Genetics: Apparent hereditary factor, particularly with alcoholism Biochemical:

Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders Use of the substance interferes with the ability to fulfill role obligations Attempts to cut down or control use fail Intense

Client/Family Education Lithium Take the medication regularly. Do not skimp on dietary sodium. Drink six to eight glasses of water each day. Notify physician if

Treatment Modalities for Bipolar Disorder Individual psychotherapy Group therapy Family therapy Cognitive therapy The Recovery Model Learning how to live a safe, dignified, full, and

Criteria for measuring Outcomes: The Patient Exhibits no evidence of physical injury Has not harmed self or others Is no longer exhibiting signs of physical

Nursing Diagnosis Risk for injury related to Extreme hyperactivity, increased agitation, and lack of control over purposeless and potentially injurious movements Risk for violence: self-directed

Nursing Process Assessment Symptoms may be categorized by degree of severity. Stage 1. Hypomania: Symptoms not sufficiently severe to cause marked impairment in social or

Developmental implications: Childhood and Adolescence Lifetime prevalence of pediatric and adolescent bipolar disorders is estimated at about 1%. Diagnosis is difficult. Treatment strategies Psychopharmacology Lithium

Predisposing Factors Biological theories Genetics Twin and family studies Other genetic studies Biochemical influences Possible excess of norepinephrine and dopamine Physiological influences Brain lesions Enlarged

Types of Bipolar Disorders Bipolar 1 disorder Client is experiencing, or has experienced, a full syndrome of manic or mixed symptoms. May also have experienced

Bipolar and Related Disorders Introduction Mood- is defined as a pervasive and sustained emotion that may have a major influence on a person’s perception of