Predisposing Factors Bipolar Disorders

Predisposing Factors

Biological theories
- Genetics
  - Twin and family studies
  - Other genetic studies
- Biochemical influences
  - Possible excess of norepinephrine and dopamine
- Physiological influences
  - Brain lesions
  - Enlarged ventricles
  - Medication side effects
Psychosocial theories
- Credibility of psychosocial theories has declined in recent years.
- Bipolar disorder is viewed as a disease of the brain.

Developmental implications: Childhood and Adolescence

Lifetime prevalence of pediatric and adolescent bipolar disorders is estimated at about 1%.
Diagnosis is difficult.
Treatment strategies
- Psychopharmacology
  - Lithium
  - Divalproex
  - Carbamazepine
  - Atypical antipsychotics
- Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (A D H D) is the most common comorbid condition.
- A D H D agents may exacerbate mania and should be administered only after bipolar symptoms have been controlled.
- Family interventions
  - Psychoeducation about bipolar disorder
  - Communication training
  - Problem-solving skills training

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