Developmental implications: Childhood and Adolescence

Lifetime prevalence of pediatric and adolescent bipolar disorders is estimated at about 1%.
Diagnosis is difficult.
Treatment strategies
- Psychopharmacology
  - Lithium
  - Divalproex
  - Carbamazepine
  - Atypical antipsychotics
- Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (A D H D) is the most common comorbid condition.
- A D H D agents may exacerbate mania and should be administered only after bipolar symptoms have been controlled.
- Family interventions
  - Psychoeducation about bipolar disorder
  - Communication training
  - Problem-solving skills training

About Abuse of Older Persons

For Everyone KEY POINTS Many older adults require care and are vulnerable to violence perpetrated by a caregiver or someone they trust. More research is