Urinary Tract Infection
Urinary Tract Infection Most common bacterial infection in women May be caused by a variety of disorders Bacterial infection most common Bladder and its contents are free of bacteria in majority of healthy people Minority of healthy individuals have some bacteria colonizing in bladder Called asymptomatic bacteriuria and does not justify treatment Escherichia coli (E. […]
Chronic Pancreatitis
Chronic Pancreatitis Continuous, prolonged inflammatory, and fibrosing process of the pancreas Etiology Alcohol, gallstones, tumor, pseudocysts, trauma, systemic disease Acute pancreatitis Idiopathic Classifications Two major types Chronic obstructive pancreatitis Inflammation of sphincter of Oddi Cancer of ampulla of Vater, duodenum, or pancreas Chronic non-obstructive pancreatitis Inflammation and sclerosis in head of pancreas and around duct […]
Pancreatitis : Nursing Implementation
Nursing Implementation Health Promotion Assessment of patient for predisposing and etiologic factors Encouragement of early treatment of these factors Early diagnosis/treatment of biliary tract disease Elimination of alcohol intake Acute Care Monitoring vital signs Monitor response to IV fluids Closely monitor fluid and electrolyte balance Assess respiratory function Monitor fluid and electrolyte balance Chloride, sodium, […]
Nursing Management: Acute Pancreatitis
Nursing Management: Acute Pancreatitis Nursing Assessment Subjective Data Important Health Information Past health history: Biliary tract disease, alcohol use, abdominal trauma, duodenal ulcers, infection, metabolic disorders Medications: Thiazides Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs Surgery or other treatments: Surgical procedures on the pancreas, stomach, duodenum, or biliary tract. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) Functional Health Patterns Health perception–health management: […]
Pancreatitis : Interprofessional Care
Interprofessional Care Objectives include Relief of pain Prevention or alleviation of shock Decreased pancreatic secretions Correction of fluid/electrolyte imbalance Prevention/treatment of infections Removal of precipitating cause Conservative Therapy Supportive care Aggressive hydration Pain management IV morphine, antispasmodic agent Management of metabolic complications Oxygen, glucose levels Minimizing pancreatic stimulation NPO status, NG suction, decreased acid secretion, […]
Pancreatitis : Complications
Complications Pseudocyst Fluid, enzyme, debris, and exudates surrounded by wall Abdominal pain, palpable mass, nausea/vomiting, anorexia Detected with imaging Resolves spontaneously or may perforate and cause peritonitis Surgical or endoscopic drainage Pancreatic abscess Infected pseudocyst Results from extensive necrosis May rupture or perforate Upper abdominal pain, mass, high fever, leukocytosis Requires prompt surgical drainage Systemic […]
Pancreatitis
Pancreatitis Acute Pancreatitis Acute inflammatory process of pancreas Spillage of pancreatic enzymes into surrounding pancreatic tissue causing autodigestion and severe pain Varies from mild edema to severe necrosis Etiology and Pathophysiology Gallbladder disease (women) Chronic alcohol intake (men) Smoking Hypertriglyceridemia Less common causes Trauma Viral infections Penetrating duodenal ulcers Cysts Abscesses Cystic fibrosis Kaposi sarcoma […]
Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding : Nursing Implementation
Nursing Implementation Health Promotion Patient with a history of chronic gastritis, cirrhosis, or peptic ulcer disease is at high risk Patient who has had previous upper GI bleeding episode is more likely to have another bleed Patient on daily low-dose aspirin to reduce cardiovascular disease risk are at risk Patient teaching Avoidance of gastric irritants […]
Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding : Nursing Management
Nursing Management Nursing Assessment Subjective Data Important Health Information Past health history: Precipitating events before bleeding episode Previous bleeding episodes and treatment Peptic ulcer disease Esophageal varices Esophagitis Acute and chronic gastritis Stress-related mucosal disease Medications: Aspirin Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs Corticosteroids Anticoagulants Functional Health Patterns Health perception–health management: Family history of bleeding Smoking Alcohol use […]
Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding : Interprofessional Care
Interprofessional Care Endoscopic hemostasis therapy First-line therapy of upper GI bleed Goal: to coagulate or thrombose the bleeding vessel Useful for gastritis, Mallory-Weiss tear, esophageal and gastric varices, bleeding peptic ulcers, and polyps Several techniques are used including Thermal (heat) probe Multipolar and bipolar electrocoagulation probe Argon plasma coagulation (APC) Neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Nd:YAG) laser Mechanical therapy […]