Pediatrics : General Appearance
General Appearance Appears undistressed, clean, well-kept, and without body odors Muscle tone: Erect head posture is expected in infants after 4 months of age Make eye contact when addressed (expect infants) Follows simple commands as age-appropriate Uses speech, language, and motor skills spontaneously Skin Assess skin for color, texture, temperature, moisture, turgor, lesions, acne, and […]
Pulse Rate : Grading of Pulses
Pulse Rate Grading of Pulses Grade Description 0 Not palpable +1 Difficult to palpate, thready, weak, easily obliterated with pressure +2 Difficult to palpate, may be obliterated with pressure +3 Easy to palpate, not easily obliterated with pressure (normal) +4 Strong, bounding, not obliterated with pressure Newborn: 110 to 160/min (depending on activity) 1 week […]
Temperature measurement in pediatrics
Temperature measurement in pediatrics Ask the Question PICOT Question: In infants and children, what is the most accurate method for measuring temperature in febrile children? Search for the Evidence Search Strategies Clinical research studies related to this issue were identified by searching for English publications within the past 15 years for infant and child populations; […]
Physical Assessment
Physical Assessment Anthropometric Measurements Height, weight, and circumference Weigh the child, taking two measurements and averaging them Calculate BMI BMI under the 5th percentile indicated the child is underweight BMI over the 85th percentile correlates with overweight Measure the infant’s head circumference (up to age 2 to 3 years) Examination techniques Inspection Purposeful observation of […]
Performing Pediatric Physical Examination
Performing Pediatric Physical Examination Perform the examination in an appropriate, nonthreatening area: Have room well-lit and decorated with neutral colors. Have room temperature comfortably warm. Place all strange and potentially frightening equipment out of sight. Have some toys, dolls, stuffed animals, and games available for the child. If possible, have rooms decorated and equipped for […]
Clinical Assessment of Nutritional Status : Sequence of examination
Sequence of examination Infant Before able to sit alone — supine or prone, preferably in parent’s lap; before 4 to 6 months, can place on examining table After able to sit alone — sitting in parent’s lap whenever possible; if on table, place with parent in full view If quiet, auscultate heart, lungs, and abdomen. […]
Clinical Assessment of Nutritional Status : Clinical Assessment of Nutritional Status
Clinical Assessment of Nutritional Status Evidence of Adequate Nutrition Evidence of Deficient or Excessive Nutrition Deficiency or Excess General Growth Normal weight gain, growth velocity, and head growth for age and gender Weight loss or poor weight Protein, calories, fats, and other essential nutrients, especially vitamin A, pyridoxine, niacin, calcium, iodine, manganese, zinc Excess weight […]
Communication and Physical Assessment of the Child and Family : Nutrition
Nutrition Dietary intake Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI) are a set of four evidence-based nutrient reference values that provide quantitative estimates of nutrient intakes for use in assessing and planning dietary intake: Estimated Average Requirement: Estimated to meet the nutrients requirements of one-half of healthy individuals for a specific age and gender group Recommended Dietary Allowance […]
Communication and Physical Assessment of the Child and Family : Review of systems
Review of systems Constitutional: Overall state of health, fatigue, recent or unexplained weight gain or loss (period for either), contributing factors (change of diet, illness, altered appetite), exercise tolerance, fevers (time of day), chills, night sweats (unrelated to climatic conditions), general ability to carry out activities of daily living Integument: Pruritus, pigment, or other color […]
Communication and Physical Assessment of the Child and Family : Pediatrics Health History
Pediatrics Health History Identifying information Name Address Telephone Birth date and place Race or ethnic group Sex Religion Date of interview Informant (most likely the parent) Chief complaint (CC): To establish the major specific reason for the child’s and parents’ seeking of health care Present illness (PI): To obtain all details related to the chief […]