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- Pulse Rate
- Grading of Pulses
- Pulse Rate
| Grade | Description |
| 0 | Not palpable |
| +1 | Difficult to palpate, thready, weak, easily obliterated with pressure |
| +2 | Difficult to palpate, may be obliterated with pressure |
| +3 | Easy to palpate, not easily obliterated with pressure (normal) |
| +4 | Strong, bounding, not obliterated with pressure |
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- Newborn: 110 to 160/min (depending on activity)
- 1 week to 3 months:107 to 180/min (depending on activity)
- 2 to 10 years: 70 to 110/min (depending on activity)
- 10 years and older: 50 to 90/min (depending on activity)
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- Respirations
- Count the respiratory rate in children in the same manner as for adult patients
- However, in infants, observe abdominal movements, because respirations are primary diaphragmatic
- Newborn to 1 year: 30 to 35/min
- 1 to 2 years: 25 to 30/min
- 6 to 12 years: 19 to 21/min
- 12 years and older: 16 to 19/min
- Blood pressure
- Should be measured annually in children 3 years of age through adolescence and in children with symptoms of hypertension, children in emergency departments and intensive care units, and high-risk infants.
- Orthostatic Hypotension
- Also called postural hypotension or orthostatic intolerance
- Manifests as syncope (fainting), vertigo (dizziness), or lightheadedness and is caused by decreased blood flow to the brain (cerebral hypoperfusion)
- Normally blood flow to the brain is maintained at a constant level by several compensating mechanisms that regulate systemic BP.
- When one assumes a sitting or standing position from a supine or recumbent position, peripheral capillary vasoconstriction occurs, and blood that was pooling in the lower vasculature is returned to the heart for redistribution to the head and remainder of the body.
- Leading to vertigo or syncope
- One of the most common causes of OH is hypovolemia
- May be induced by medications, such as diuretics, vasodilator medications, and prolonged immobility or bed rest.
- Other causes of OH include:
- Dehydration
- Diarrhea
- Emesis
- Fluid loss from sweating and exertion
- Alcohol intake
- Dysrhythmias
- Diabetes mellitus
- Sepsis
- Hemorrhage
- Width of cuff should cover 40% of the arm and 80-100% of the upper arm without overlapping
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| Female | Males | |||
| Systolic (mmHg) | Diastolic (mmHg) | Systolic (mmHg) | Diastolic (mmHg) | |
| Infants | 65 to 78 | 41 to 52 | 65 to 78 | 41 to 52 |
| 1 Year | 83 to 114 | 38 to 67 | 80 to 114 | 34 to 66 |
| 3 Years | 86 to 117 | 47 to 76 | 86 to 120 | 44 to 75 |
| 6 Years | 91 to 122 | 54 to 83 | 91 to 125 | 53 to 84 |
| 10 Years | 98 to 129 | 59 to 88 | 97 to 130 | 58 to 90 |
| 16 Years | 108 to 138 | 64 to 93 | 111 to 145 | 63 to 94 |
