Predisposing Factors Bipolar Disorders

Predisposing Factors

• Biological theories
  • Genetics
    • Twin and family studies
    • Other genetic studies
  • Biochemical influences
    • Possible excess of norepinephrine and dopamine
  • Physiological influences
    • Brain lesions
    • Enlarged ventricles
    • Medication side effects
• Psychosocial theories
  • Credibility of psychosocial theories has declined in recent years.
  • Bipolar disorder is viewed as a disease of the brain.

Developmental implications: Childhood and Adolescence

• Lifetime prevalence of pediatric and adolescent bipolar disorders is estimated at about 1%.
• Diagnosis is difficult.
• Treatment strategies
  • Psychopharmacology
    • Lithium
    • Divalproex
    • Carbamazepine
    • Atypical antipsychotics
  • Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (A D H D) is the most common comorbid condition.
  • A D H D agents may exacerbate mania and should be administered only after bipolar symptoms have been controlled.
  • Family interventions
    • Psychoeducation about bipolar disorder
    • Communication training
    • Problem-solving skills training