Anemia caused by blood loss (Acute and Chronic) Anemia resulting from blood loss may be caused by either acute or chronic problems Acute blood loss

Iron-deficiency anemia Inadequate dietary intake 5% to 10% of ingested iron is absorbed Malabsorption Iron absorption occurs in the duodenum Diseases or surgery that alter,

Nutritional therapy for erythropoiesis Nutrient Role Source Cobalamin (Vitamin B12) RBC maturation Red meats, especially liver, eggs, enriched grain products, milk and dairy foods, fish

Nursing assessment Subjective Data Important health information Past health history Medications Surgery or other treatments Dietary history Functional health patterns Nursing diagnosis and planning Fatigue

Erythrocyte production Life span of an RBC is 120 days Three alterations in erythropoiesis may decrease RBC production: Decreased hemoglobin synthesis Defective DNA synthesis in

Anemia A deficiency in Number of erythrocytes (RBCs) Quantity of hemoglobin Volume of packed RBCs (hematocrit) RBC function Transport oxygen (O2) from lungs to systemic

Role of other team members Respiratory Therapist Provide respiratory care modalities that support patient recovery from anesthesia (e.g., O2 therapy, nebulizer treatments, pulmonary drainage procedures,

Hearing loss and deafness Causes of hearing loss External ear Impacted cerumen Foreign bodies External otitis Middle ear Otitis media Serous otitis Otosclerosis Tympanic membrane

Nursing Assessment Patient’s ability to understand and comply with treatment Patient’s psychologic reaction to sight-threatening disorder Family reaction and support Caregiver availability Nursing diagnoses Risk

Glaucoma A group of disorders characterized by Increased IOP and consequences of elevated pressure Optic nerve atrophy Peripheral visual field loss Second leading cause of

Nursing assessment Visual acuity Psychosocial impact of visual disability Level of knowledge of disease Comfort and ability to comply with postoperative treatment Nursing diagnosis Self-care