https://cbsloc.al/3nNcrOY DALLAS (CBSDFW.COM) – Those who run coronavirus testing locations say they are being overwhelmed as people prepare to gather for the holidays. Doctors said they’re

Chronic heart failure Clinical manifestation Dependent on age, underlying type and extent of heart disease, and which ventricle is affected FACES Fatigue Limitation of Activities

Acute Decompensated Heart Failure Clinical manifestation ADHF Sudden onset of signs and symptoms of HF Requires urgent medical care Pulmonary and systemic congestion due to

Compensatory mechanism Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone-System (RAAS) Neurohormonal response – RAAS Endothelin release (contractility) Cytokine release (Hypertrophy) Inadequate stroke volume and CO –  (Epi and NoreEpi) Ventricular remodeling

Pathophysiology Systolic heart failure HFrEF – HF with reduced EF Inability to pump blood forward Caused by Impaired contractile function Increased afterload Cardiomyopathy Mechanical abnormalities

Gender differences Men Men experience systolic failure more frequently than women. Men with asymptomatic systolic failure experience greater mortality benefit from ACE inhibitor therapy than

Heart Failure Complex clinical syndrome resulting in insufficient blood supply/oxygen to tissues and organs Involves diastolic or systolic dysfunction Ejection fraction (EF) is amount of

Role of Nursing Personnel Registered Nurse (RN) Pre-procedure Assess for allergies, especially to contrast dye. Perform baseline assessment, including vital signs, pulse oximetry, heart and

Sudden cardiac death Nursing/Interprofessional care Diagnostic workup to rule out or confirm MI Cardiac biomarkers ECGs Treat accordingly Cardiac catheterization PCI or CABG 24-hour Holter

Coronary revascularization: PCI Monitor for recurrent angina Frequent VS, including cardiac rhythm Monitor catheter insertion site for bleeding Neurovascular assessment Bed rest per institutional policy

Nursing diagnoses Decreased cardiac output related to altered contractility and altered heart rate and rhythm Acute pain related to an imbalance between myocardial O2 supply

Nursing management Nursing Assessment: Subjective Data Health history CAD/chest pain/angina/ MI Valve disease Heart failure/cardiomyopathy, Hypertension, diabetes, anemia, lung disease, hyperlipidemia Drugs Use of anti-platelets