Nursing Management Nursing Assessment Subjective Data Important Health Information Past health history: Previous urinary tract infection. Urinary calculi, reflux, strictures, or retention. Neurogenic bladder, pregnancy,

Diagnostic Studies History and physical examination Dipstick urinalysis Identify presence of nitrites, WBCs, and leukocyte esterase Urine culture Urine for culture and sensitivity (if indicated)

Clinical Manifestations Painful urination Abdominal or back pain Fever Sepsis Decreased kidney function in some cases of pyelonephritis Symptoms related Storage: Urinary frequency Abnormally frequent

Urinary Tract Infection   Etiology and Pathophysiology Urinary tract above urethra normally sterile Defense mechanisms exist to maintain sterility/prevent UTIs Complete emptying of bladder Ureterovesical

Urinary Tract Infection Most common bacterial infection in women May be caused by a variety of disorders Bacterial infection most common Bladder and its contents

Chronic Pancreatitis Continuous, prolonged inflammatory, and fibrosing process of the pancreas Etiology Alcohol, gallstones, tumor, pseudocysts, trauma, systemic disease Acute pancreatitis Idiopathic Classifications Two major

Nursing Implementation Health Promotion Assessment of patient for predisposing and etiologic factors Encouragement of early treatment of these factors Early diagnosis/treatment of biliary tract disease

Nursing Management: Acute Pancreatitis Nursing Assessment Subjective Data Important Health Information Past health history: Biliary tract disease, alcohol use, abdominal trauma, duodenal ulcers, infection, metabolic

Interprofessional Care Objectives include Relief of pain Prevention or alleviation of shock Decreased pancreatic secretions Correction of fluid/electrolyte imbalance Prevention/treatment of infections Removal of precipitating

Complications Pseudocyst Fluid, enzyme, debris, and exudates surrounded by wall Abdominal pain, palpable mass, nausea/vomiting, anorexia Detected with imaging Resolves spontaneously or may perforate and

Pancreatitis Acute Pancreatitis Acute inflammatory process of pancreas Spillage of pancreatic enzymes into surrounding pancreatic tissue causing autodigestion and severe pain Varies from mild edema

Nursing Implementation Health Promotion Patient with a history of chronic gastritis, cirrhosis, or peptic ulcer disease is at high risk Patient who has had previous