- Nursing diagnoses
- Decreased cardiac output related to altered contractility and altered heart rate and rhythm
- Acute pain related to an imbalance between myocardial O2 supply and demand
- Anxiety related to perceived or actual threat of death, pain, and/or possible lifestyle changes
- Activity intolerance related to general weakness secondary to decreased cardiac output and poor lung and tissue perfusion
- Ineffective health management related to lack of knowledge of disease process, risk factor reduction, rehabilitation, home activities, and medications
- Planning
- Overall goals
- Relief of pain
- Preservation of heart muscle
- Immediate and appropriate treatment
- Effective coping with illness-associated anxiety
- Participation in a rehabilitation plan
- Reduction of risk factors
- Overall goals
- Acute interventions: Chronic stable angina
- Upright position
- Supplemental oxygen
- Assess vital signs
- 12-lead ECG
- Administer NTG followed by an opioid analgesic, if needed
- Assess heart and breath sounds
- Acute care: Acute coronary syndrome
- Pain: nitroglycerin, morphine, oxygen
- Continuous monitoring
- ECG
- ST segment
- Heart and breath sounds
- VS, pulse oximetry, I and O
- Rest and comfort
- Balance rest and activity
- Begin cardiac rehabilitation
- Anxiety reduction
- Identify source and alleviate
- Patient teaching important
- Emotional and behavioral reaction
- Maximize patient’s social support systems
- Consider open visitation
Testing and Diagnosis for Venous Thromboembolism
For Everyone KEY POINTS Your doctor must perform special tests to diagnose deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE). There are many conditions with
