- Diagnostic Studies
- History and physical examination
- Dipstick urinalysis
- Identify presence of nitrites, WBCs, and leukocyte esterase
- Urine culture
- Urine for culture and sensitivity (if indicated)
- Clean-catch sample preferred
- Specimen by catheterization or suprapubic needle aspiration more accurate
- Determine bacteria susceptibility to antibiotics
- Urine for culture and sensitivity (if indicated)
- Imaging studies
- Ultrasound
- CT scan (CT urogram)
- Drug Therapy
- Antibiotics
- Selected on empiric therapy or results of sensitivity testing
- Uncomplicated cystitis
- Short-term course (typically 3 days)
- Complicated UTIs
- Long-term treatment (7 to 14 days or more)
- Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole
- Used to treat uncomplicated or initial UTI
- Inexpensive
- Taken twice a day
- Nitrofurantoin (Macrodantin)
- Given three or four times a day
- Long-acting preparation (Macrobid) is taken twice daily
- Ampicillin, amoxicillin, cephalosporins
- Treat uncomplicated UTI
- Fluoroquinolones
- Treat complicated UTIs
- Example: ciprofloxacin (Cipro)
- Antifungals
- Amphotericin or fluconazole
- UTIs secondary to fungi
- Amphotericin or fluconazole
- Urinary analgesic
- Phenazopyridine
- Used in combination with antibiotics
- Provides soothing effect on urinary tract mucosa
- Stains urine reddish orange
- Can be mistaken for blood and may stain underclothing
- Phenazopyridine
- Antibiotics
