Sickle Cell Disease
Sickle Cell Disease Group of inherited, autosomal recessive disorders Characterized by presence of an abnormal form of Hgb in RBC Genetic disorder usually identified during routine neonatal screening Incurable and often fatal by middle age Etiology and pathophysiology Abnormal hemoglobin, HgbS, causes the RBC to stiffen and elongate Erythrocytes take on a sickle shape in […]
Anemia caused by blood loss (Acute and Chronic)
Anemia caused by blood loss (Acute and Chronic) Anemia resulting from blood loss may be caused by either acute or chronic problems Acute blood loss occurs as a result of sudden hemorrhage Sources of chronic blood loss are similar to those of iron-deficiency anemia Acute blood loss Causes of sudden hemorrhage Trauma Complications of surgery […]
Iron-deficiency anemia
Iron-deficiency anemia Inadequate dietary intake 5% to 10% of ingested iron is absorbed Malabsorption Iron absorption occurs in the duodenum Diseases or surgery that alter, destroy, or remove absorption surface of this area of intestine cause anemia Blood loss 2 mL whole blood contain 1 mg iron Major cause of iron deficiency in adults Chronic […]
Nutritional therapy for erythropoiesis
Nutritional therapy for erythropoiesis Nutrient Role Source Cobalamin (Vitamin B12) RBC maturation Red meats, especially liver, eggs, enriched grain products, milk and dairy foods, fish Copper Mobilization of iron from tissues to plasma Shellfish, whole grains, beans, nuts, potatoes, organ meats Folic Acid RBC maturation Green leafy vegetables, liver, meat, fish, legumes, whole grains, orange […]
Anemia : Nursing assessment
Nursing assessment Subjective Data Important health information Past health history Medications Surgery or other treatments Dietary history Functional health patterns Nursing diagnosis and planning Fatigue related to inadequate oxygenation of the blood Imbalanced nutrition: less than body requirements related to inadequate nutritional intake and anorexia Ineffective health management related to lack of knowledge about appropriate […]
Erythrocyte production : Hematologic problems : Clinical manifestations
Erythrocyte production Life span of an RBC is 120 days Three alterations in erythropoiesis may decrease RBC production: Decreased hemoglobin synthesis Defective DNA synthesis in RBCs Diminished availability of erythrocyte precursors Hematologic problems Sickle cell disease has a high incidence among African Americans. Thalassemia has a high incidence among African Americans and people of Mediterranean […]
Anemia
Anemia A deficiency in Number of erythrocytes (RBCs) Quantity of hemoglobin Volume of packed RBCs (hematocrit) RBC function Transport oxygen (O2) from lungs to systemic tissues Carry carbon dioxide from tissues to lungs Not a specific disease Manifestation of a pathologic process Diagnosed based on Complete blood count (CBC) Reticulocyte count Peripheral blood smear Cause […]
Role of other team members : Respiratory Therapist / Physical Therapist
Role of other team members Respiratory Therapist Provide respiratory care modalities that support patient recovery from anesthesia (e.g., O2 therapy, nebulizer treatments, pulmonary drainage procedures, mechanical ventilation, and airway support). Institute extubation protocols. Monitor pulse oximetry, capnography, or other technology-assisted means of assessing hypoxemia or hypoventilation. Assist with O2 and/or ventilation management during patient transport. […]
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Hearing loss and deafness
Hearing loss and deafness Causes of hearing loss External ear Impacted cerumen Foreign bodies External otitis Middle ear Otitis media Serous otitis Otosclerosis Tympanic membrane trauma Cholesteatoma Acoustic neuroma Inner ear Ménière’s disease Noise-induced hearing loss Presbycusis Ototoxicity Types of hearing loss Conductive hearing loss Sound transmission to inner ear impaired Patients actually hear better […]