Diagnosis of cancer

Diagnostic plan includes
- Comprehensive Health History
- Identification of risk factors
- Physical examination
- Specific diagnostic studies
Indicated diagnostic studies depend on site of cancer
- Lab works
- Cytology studies
- Chest x-ray
- Endoscopic examinations
- Radiographic studies
- Radioisotope scans
- PET scan
- Tumor markers
- Genetic markers
- Bone marrow examination
- Biopsy
Patient may experience fear and anxiety
- Actively listen to patient’s concerns
- Manage your own discomfort
- Give clear explanations; repeat if necessary
- Give written information for reinforcement
- Refer to oncology team when possible
Manage your own discomfort
- Avoid
  - Communication patterns that may hinder exploration of feelings
  - Use of overly technical language
- Encourage patients to share the meaning of their experience
- Listening is an important skill at this time
Prevention is key
- The war on cancer will not be won with drugs or radiation therapy
- A stronger emphasis on prevention is needed
- Nurses have an essential role

About Swimmer’s Itch

For Everyone KEY POINTS Swimmer’s itch is an infection caused by a parasite. It can cause an allergic reaction and rash on your skin. Swimmer’s

About Dementia

For Everyone WHAT TO KNOW Dementia is a condition that makes someone unable to remember, think clearly, or make decisions while doing everyday activities. Alzheimer’s

About Abuse of Older Persons

For Everyone KEY POINTS Many older adults require care and are vulnerable to violence perpetrated by a caregiver or someone they trust. More research is