Diagnosis of cancer

Diagnostic plan includes
- Comprehensive Health History
- Identification of risk factors
- Physical examination
- Specific diagnostic studies
Indicated diagnostic studies depend on site of cancer
- Lab works
- Cytology studies
- Chest x-ray
- Endoscopic examinations
- Radiographic studies
- Radioisotope scans
- PET scan
- Tumor markers
- Genetic markers
- Bone marrow examination
- Biopsy
Patient may experience fear and anxiety
- Actively listen to patient’s concerns
- Manage your own discomfort
- Give clear explanations; repeat if necessary
- Give written information for reinforcement
- Refer to oncology team when possible
Manage your own discomfort
- Avoid
  - Communication patterns that may hinder exploration of feelings
  - Use of overly technical language
- Encourage patients to share the meaning of their experience
- Listening is an important skill at this time
Prevention is key
- The war on cancer will not be won with drugs or radiation therapy
- A stronger emphasis on prevention is needed
- Nurses have an essential role

Cold Versus Flu

For Everyone AUG. 8, 2024 ESPAÑOL PURPOSE Influenza (flu) and the common cold are both contagious respiratory illnesses, but they are caused by different viruses.

Ebola Disease Basics

For Everyone JUNE 2, 2026 ESPAÑOL KEY POINTS Ebola disease is caused by an infection with an orthoebolavirus. Orthoebolaviruses are found primarily in sub-Saharan Africa.