Diagnosis of cancer

Diagnostic plan includes
- Comprehensive Health History
- Identification of risk factors
- Physical examination
- Specific diagnostic studies
Indicated diagnostic studies depend on site of cancer
- Lab works
- Cytology studies
- Chest x-ray
- Endoscopic examinations
- Radiographic studies
- Radioisotope scans
- PET scan
- Tumor markers
- Genetic markers
- Bone marrow examination
- Biopsy
Patient may experience fear and anxiety
- Actively listen to patient’s concerns
- Manage your own discomfort
- Give clear explanations; repeat if necessary
- Give written information for reinforcement
- Refer to oncology team when possible
Manage your own discomfort
- Avoid
  - Communication patterns that may hinder exploration of feelings
  - Use of overly technical language
- Encourage patients to share the meaning of their experience
- Listening is an important skill at this time
Prevention is key
- The war on cancer will not be won with drugs or radiation therapy
- A stronger emphasis on prevention is needed
- Nurses have an essential role

Testing and Diagnosis for Venous Thromboembolism

For Everyone KEY POINTS Your doctor must perform special tests to diagnose deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE). There are many conditions with

Fibromyalgia

Print KEY POINTS Fibromyalgia causes pain, fatigue, emotional and mental distress, and sleep problems. There is no cure, but you can manage it with self-care,

Chickenpox (Varicella)

For Everyone About Chickenpox KEY POINTS Chickenpox is a highly contagious disease caused by the varicella-zoster virus (VZV). The virus spreads mainly through close contact

Managing High Blood Pressure

For Everyone KEY POINTS Measuring your blood pressure is an important step toward controlling high blood pressure. If you have diabetes, you may also have

Frontline ER - Dallas

Frontline ER - Houston

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