Tuberculosis

Infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Lungs most commonly infected
1/3 of world’s population has TB
Leading cause of death in patients with HIV/AIDs
Prevalence is decreasing in the United States

Risk factors

Homeless
Residents of inner-city neighborhoods
Foreign-born persons
Living or working in institutions (includes health care workers)
IV injecting drug users
Poverty, poor access to health care
Immunosuppression

Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis (MDR-TB)

Resistance to 2 of the most potent first-line anti-TB drugs
Extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB) resistant to any fluoroquinolone plus any injectable antibiotic
Several causes for resistance occur
- Incorrect prescribing
- Lack of case management
- Nonadherence

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