Diagnosis of cancer

Diagnosis of cancer

• Diagnostic plan includes
  • Comprehensive Health History
  • Identification of risk factors
  • Physical examination
  • Specific diagnostic studies
• Indicated diagnostic studies depend on site of cancer
  • Lab works
  • Cytology studies
  • Chest x-ray
  • Endoscopic examinations
  • Radiographic studies
  • Radioisotope scans
  • PET scan
  • Tumor markers
  • Genetic markers
  • Bone marrow examination
  • Biopsy
• Patient may experience fear and anxiety
  • Actively listen to patient’s concerns
  • Manage your own discomfort
  • Give clear explanations; repeat if necessary
  • Give written information for reinforcement
  • Refer to oncology team when possible
• Manage your own discomfort
  • Avoid
    • Communication patterns that may hinder exploration of feelings
    • Use of overly technical language
  • Encourage patients to share the meaning of their experience
  • Listening is an important skill at this time
• Prevention is key
  • The war on cancer will not be won with drugs or radiation therapy
  • A stronger emphasis on prevention is needed
  • Nurses have an essential role