Gene mutations: Development of cancer Inherited About 5% to 10% of all cancers or predisposition to cancers are inherited Lead to a very high risk

Biology of Cancer Two major dysfunctions in the process of cancer development: Defective cell proliferation (growth) Stem cells Undifferentiated cells Ultimately differentiate and become mature,

Cancer Cancer – Incidence Group of diseases characterized by uncontrolled and unregulated growth of cells Occurs in people of all ages Majority of cases are

Nursing and Interprofessional management Care is directed toward Prevention of sequelae from disease Alleviating manifestations from complications Minimizing end-organ damage Promptly treating serious sequelae Hospitalized

Clinical manifestations Typical patient is asymptomatic except during sickling episodes Symptoms may include Pain from tissue hypoxia and damage Pallor of mucous membranes Jaundice from

Sickle Cell Disease Group of inherited, autosomal recessive disorders Characterized by presence of an abnormal form of Hgb in RBC Genetic disorder usually identified during

Anemia caused by blood loss (Acute and Chronic) Anemia resulting from blood loss may be caused by either acute or chronic problems Acute blood loss

Iron-deficiency anemia Inadequate dietary intake 5% to 10% of ingested iron is absorbed Malabsorption Iron absorption occurs in the duodenum Diseases or surgery that alter,

Nutritional therapy for erythropoiesis Nutrient Role Source Cobalamin (Vitamin B12) RBC maturation Red meats, especially liver, eggs, enriched grain products, milk and dairy foods, fish

Nursing assessment Subjective Data Important health information Past health history Medications Surgery or other treatments Dietary history Functional health patterns Nursing diagnosis and planning Fatigue

Erythrocyte production Life span of an RBC is 120 days Three alterations in erythropoiesis may decrease RBC production: Decreased hemoglobin synthesis Defective DNA synthesis in

Anemia A deficiency in Number of erythrocytes (RBCs) Quantity of hemoglobin Volume of packed RBCs (hematocrit) RBC function Transport oxygen (O2) from lungs to systemic