Interprofessional care Hospitalization not necessary for most patients Infectious for first 2 weeks after starting treatment if sputum + Drug therapy used to prevent or

Diagnostic Studies Tuberculin skin test (TST) AKA: Mantoux test Uses purified protein derivative (PPD) injected intradermally Assess for induration in 48 – 72 hours Presence

Complications Miliary TB Large numbers of organisms spread via the bloodstream to distant organs Fatal if untreated Manifestations progress slowly and vary depending on which

Clinical manifestations LTBI – asymptomatic Cannot spread TB bacteria to others Usually has a skin test or blood test result indicating TB infection Has a

Etiology and pathophysiology Spread via airborne particles Can be suspended in air for minutes to hours Transmission requires close, frequent, or prolonged exposure NOT spread

Tuberculosis Infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis Lungs most commonly infected 1/3 of world’s population has TB Leading cause of death in patients with HIV/AIDs

Complications of fractures Prevent complications of immobility Constipation Renal calculi Cardiopulmonary deconditioning DVT/pulmonary emboli Infection High incidence in open fractures and soft tissue injuries Devitalized

Nursing Management: Fractures Neurovascular assessment Peripheral vascular Color and temperature Capillary refill Pulses Edema Motor function Sensory function Paresthesia Nursing diagnoses Impaired physical mobility related

Role of Nursing Personnel Registered Nurse (RN) Perform neurovascular assessment on the affected extremity. Assess for manifestations of compartment syndrome. Monitor cast during drying for

Electric bone growth stimulation Used to facilitate healing process Increase calcium uptake Activate intracellular calcium stores Increase bone growth factor production Non-invasive, semi-invasive, and invasive

Fracture immobilization Cast Temporary Allows patient to perform many normal activities of daily living Made of various materials Typically incorporates joints above and below fracture

Fracture reduction Closed reduction Nonsurgical, manual realignment of bone fragments Traction and countertraction applied Under local or general anesthesia Immobilization afterwards Open reduction Surgical incision