Anemia caused by blood loss (Acute and Chronic)
- Anemia resulting from blood loss may be caused by either acute or chronic problems
- Acute blood loss occurs as a result of sudden hemorrhage
- Sources of chronic blood loss are similar to those of iron-deficiency anemia
- Acute blood loss
- Causes of sudden hemorrhage
- Trauma
- Complications of surgery
- Conditions or diseases that disrupt vascular integrity
- Hypovolemic shock
- Compensatory increased plasma volume with diminished O2 -carrying RBCs
- Clinical manifestations
- Pain
- Internal hemorrhage
- Tissue distention, organ displacement, nerve compression
- Retroperitoneal bleeding
- Numbness
- Pain in lower extremities
- Internal hemorrhage
- Shock is major complication
- Pain
- Diagnostic studies
- With sudden blood volume loss, values may seem normal or high for 2 to 3 days
- Once plasma volume is replaced, low RBC concentrations become evident
- Low RBC, Hgb, and Hct levels show up and reflect actual blood loss
- Interprofessional care
- Replacing blood volume to prevent shock
- Identifying source of hemorrhage and stopping blood loss
- Correcting RBC loss
- Providing supplemental iron
- May be impossible to prevent if caused by trauma
- Postoperative patients
- Monitor blood loss
- Administer blood products for anemia
- No need for long-term treatment
-
Hemolytic Anemia
- General manifestations of anemia
- Specific manifestations including
- Jaundice
- Enlargement of the spleen and liver
- Maintenance of renal function is a major focus of treatment
- Causes of sudden hemorrhage
