Urinary Tract Infection
- Most common bacterial infection in women
- May be caused by a variety of disorders
- Bacterial infection most common
- Bladder and its contents are free of bacteria in majority of healthy people
- Minority of healthy individuals have some bacteria colonizing in bladder
- Called asymptomatic bacteriuria and does not justify treatment
- Escherichia coli (E. coli) most common pathogen
- Other causes of UTIs
- Enterococcus
- Klebsiella
- Enterobacter
- Proteus
- Pseudomonas
- Staphylococcus
- Serratia
- Candida albicans
- Counts of 105 CFU/mL or more indicate significant UTI
- Counts as low as 102 CFU/mL in a person with signs/symptoms are indicative of UTI
- Fungal and parasitic infections may cause UTIs
- Patients at risk
- Immunosuppressed
- Diabetic
- Have kidney problems
- Have undergone multiple antibiotic courses
- Have traveled to developing countries
- Classification of UTI
- Upper versus lower
- Upper urinary tract
- Renal parenchyma, pelvis, and ureters
- Typically causes fever, chills, flank pain
- Example
- Pyelonephritis: inflammation of renal parenchyma and collecting system
- Lower urinary tract
- Usually no systemic manifestations
- Examples
- Cystitis: inflammation of bladder
- Urethritis: inflammation of urethra
- Urosepsis
- UTI that has spread systemically
- Life-threatening condition requiring emergent treatment
- Upper urinary tract
- Complicated versus uncomplicated
- Complicated UTI
- Coexists with presence of
- Obstruction or stones
- Catheters
- Abnormal GU tract
- Diabetes/neurologic disease
- Resistance to antibiotics
- immunocompromised
- Pregnancy-induced changes
- Recurrent infection
- Coexists with presence of
- Complicated UTI
- Upper versus lower
