Nursing Care of the family and child with a chronic or complex condition Assessment Affecting of factors affecting family adjustment   Factors Affecting Adjustment Assessment

Coping mechanisms Children with more positive and accepting attitudes about their chronic illness use a more adaptive coping style characterized by optimism, competence, and compliance.

The Child with a Chronic or Complex Condition Developmental aspects   Developmental Tasks Potential effects of Chronic illness or Disability Supportive Intervention Infancy Develop a

Assessing coping behaviors Approach behaviors Asks for information regarding diagnosis and child’s present condition Seeks help and support from others Anticipates future problems; actively seeks

The Familly of the Child with a Chronic or Complex Condition Adaptive tasks of Parents having children with chronic conditions Accept the child’s condition. Manage

Impact of Chronic Illness, Disability, or End-of-Life Care for the Child and Family Scope of the problem Increasing viability of preterm infants Portability of life-sustaining

Complementary pain medicine Classification of complementary and alternative medicine Biologically based Manipulative treatments Energy based Mind-body techniques Alternative medical systems Nursing Actions Assess pain thoroughly

Complications Chronic and Recurrent Pain Assessment Pain that persists for 3 months or longer than the expected period of healing Complex regional pain syndrome Chronic

Side effects of Opioids General Constipation (possibly severe) Respiratory depression Sedation Nausea and vomiting Agitation, euphoria Mental clouding Hallucinations Orthostatic hypotension Pruritus Urticaria Sweating Miosis

Epidural or Intrathecal Involves catheter placed into epidural, caudal, or intrathecal space for continuous infusion or single or intermittent administration of opioid with or without

Family-Controlled Analgesia One family member (usually a parent) or other caregiver designated as child’s primary pain manager with responsibility for pressing PCA button Guidelines for

Routes and Methods of Analgesic Drug Administration Oral Oral route preferred because of convenience, cost, and relatively steady blood levels Higher dosages of oral form