Developmental and Genetic Influences on Child Health Promotion
Developmental and Genetic Influences on Child Health Promotion Foundations of growth and development Growth Increase in number and size of cells as they divide and synthesize new proteins Development Gradual change and expansion Advancement from lower to more advanced stages of complexity The emerging and expanding of the individual’s capacities through growth, maturation, and learning […]
Positioning for procedures
Positioning for procedures Femoral venipuncture Nurse places the child supine with the legs in a frog position to provide extensive exposure of the groin area. Infant’s legs can be controlled by the nurse’s forearms and hands. Only the side for venipuncture is uncovers so that the practitioner is protected if the child urinates. Apply pressure […]
Controlling elevated temperature
Controlling elevated temperature Set Point: The temperature around which body temperature is regulated by a thermostat-like mechanism in the hypothalamus. Fever (hyperpyrexia): An elevation in set point such that body temperature is regulated at a higher level; may be arbitrarily defined as a temperature above 38 degrees Celsius (100.4 degrees F) Fever management Most effective […]
Procedures related to elimination : Enemas & Ostomies
Procedures related to elimination Enemas Purpose Techniques (age/weight appropriate) If prepared saline is not available, the nurse can make some by adding 1 tsp of table salt to 500 mL (1 pint) of tap water. An enema is an intrusive procedure and thus threatening to preschool children Therefore, a careful explanation is especially important to […]
Gastrostomy feedings / Nasoduodenal and nasojejunal tubes / Total Parenteral Nutrition / Family teaching and home care
Gastrostomy feedings Often used for children in whom passage of a tube through the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, and cardiac sphincter of the stomach is contraindicated or impossible. It is also used to avoid the constant irritation of an NG tube in children who require tube feeding over an extended period. A gastrostomy tube may be […]
Alternative feeding techniques : Gavage feedings
Alternative feeding techniques Gavage feedings Preparations A suitable tube selected according to the child’s size, the viscosity of the solution being fed, and anticipated duration of treatment A receptacle for the fluid; for small amounts, a 10- to 30-mL syringe barrel or Asepto syringe is satisfactory; for larger amounts, a 60-mL syringe with a catheter […]
Nasogastric, Orogastric, Or Gastrostomy administration
Nasogastric, Orogastric, Or Gastrostomy administration In children Use elixir or suspension (rather than tablet) preparations of medication whenever possible. Dilute viscous medication or syrup with a small amount of water if possible. If administering tablets, crush tablet to a fine powder and dissolve drug in a small amount of warm water. Never crush enteric-coated or […]
Aerosol Therapy
Aerosol Therapy Deposits medication directly into the airway Useful in avoiding systemic side effects Nebulized with oxygen Handheld nebulizers discharge a medicated mist into a small plastic mask, which the child holds over the nose and mouth. Metered-dose inhalers Self-contained, handheld device that allows for intermittent delivery of a specified amount of medication. To avoid […]
Optic, Otic, and Nasal administration
Optic, Otic, and Nasal administration The major difficulty is in gaining children’s cooperation. Older children need only an explanation and direction. Although the administration of optic, otic, and nasal medication is not painful, these drugs can cause unpleasant sensations, which can be eliminated with various techniques. Eyedrops and ointments Techniques One technique involves Place the […]
Maintaining fluid balance
Maintaining fluid balance Measurement of intake and output Fluids to be measured Nursing responsibility: To identify when fluids should be measured Receiving IV therapy Who underwent major surgery Receiving diuretic or corticosteroid therapy With severe thermal burns or injuries With renal disease or damage With congestive heart failure With dehydration With diabetes mellitus With oliguria […]