Biological Growth and Physical Development
Biological Growth and Physical Development External proportions Biologic determinants of growth and development Age Group Weight Height Infants Birth to 6 months of age Weekly gain: 140 to 200 g (5 to 7 oz) Birth weight doubles by end of first 4 to 7 months Monthly gain: 2.5 cm (1 inch) 6 to 12 months […]
Pattern of growth and development
Pattern of growth and development Directional Trend Growth and development proceed in regular directions The first pattern is the cephalocaudal, or head-to-tail, direction. The head end of the organism develops first and is large and complex, whereas the lower end is small and simple and takes shape at a later period. Infants achieve control of […]
Developmental and Genetic Influences on Child Health Promotion : Stages of development
Stages of development Prenatal Period- Conception to Birth Germinal: Conception to approximately 2 weeks of age Embryonic: 2 to 8 weeks of age Fetal: 8 to 40 weeks of age (birth) A rapid growth rate and total dependency make this one of the most crucial periods in the developmental process. The relationship between maternal health […]
Developmental and Genetic Influences on Child Health Promotion
Developmental and Genetic Influences on Child Health Promotion Foundations of growth and development Growth Increase in number and size of cells as they divide and synthesize new proteins Development Gradual change and expansion Advancement from lower to more advanced stages of complexity The emerging and expanding of the individual’s capacities through growth, maturation, and learning […]
Positioning for procedures
Positioning for procedures Femoral venipuncture Nurse places the child supine with the legs in a frog position to provide extensive exposure of the groin area. Infant’s legs can be controlled by the nurse’s forearms and hands. Only the side for venipuncture is uncovers so that the practitioner is protected if the child urinates. Apply pressure […]
Controlling elevated temperature
Controlling elevated temperature Set Point: The temperature around which body temperature is regulated by a thermostat-like mechanism in the hypothalamus. Fever (hyperpyrexia): An elevation in set point such that body temperature is regulated at a higher level; may be arbitrarily defined as a temperature above 38 degrees Celsius (100.4 degrees F) Fever management Most effective […]
Procedures related to elimination : Enemas & Ostomies
Procedures related to elimination Enemas Purpose Techniques (age/weight appropriate) If prepared saline is not available, the nurse can make some by adding 1 tsp of table salt to 500 mL (1 pint) of tap water. An enema is an intrusive procedure and thus threatening to preschool children Therefore, a careful explanation is especially important to […]
Gastrostomy feedings / Nasoduodenal and nasojejunal tubes / Total Parenteral Nutrition / Family teaching and home care
Gastrostomy feedings Often used for children in whom passage of a tube through the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, and cardiac sphincter of the stomach is contraindicated or impossible. It is also used to avoid the constant irritation of an NG tube in children who require tube feeding over an extended period. A gastrostomy tube may be […]
Alternative feeding techniques : Gavage feedings
Alternative feeding techniques Gavage feedings Preparations A suitable tube selected according to the child’s size, the viscosity of the solution being fed, and anticipated duration of treatment A receptacle for the fluid; for small amounts, a 10- to 30-mL syringe barrel or Asepto syringe is satisfactory; for larger amounts, a 60-mL syringe with a catheter […]
Nasogastric, Orogastric, Or Gastrostomy administration
Nasogastric, Orogastric, Or Gastrostomy administration In children Use elixir or suspension (rather than tablet) preparations of medication whenever possible. Dilute viscous medication or syrup with a small amount of water if possible. If administering tablets, crush tablet to a fine powder and dissolve drug in a small amount of warm water. Never crush enteric-coated or […]