Magnesium Roles of Magnesium Coenzyme in metabolism of carbohydrates Required for DNA and protein synthesis Blood glucose control BP regulation Necessary for ATP production Acts

Phosphate Primary anion in ICF Essential to function of muscle, red blood cells, and nervous system Involved in acid-base buffering system, ATP production, cellular uptake

Nursing implementation Treat cause Oral or IV calcium supplements Rebreathe into paper bag Treat pain and anxiety to prevent hyperventilation-induced respiratory alkalosis Calcium Imbalances: Causes

Pressure Ulcers Localized injury to the skin and/or underlying tissue (usually over a bony prominence) as a result of pressure or pressure in combination with

Role of Nursing Personnel Registered Nurse (RN) Assess patients for pressure ulcer risk and develop a plan of care to prevent the development of pressure

Healing Process The final phase of the inflammation process is healing Healing includes two major components: Regeneration Replacement of lost cells and tissues with cells

Nursing and Interprofessional management Nursing Implementation Health Promotion Prevention of injury Adequate nutrition Early recognition of inflammation Immediate treatment Acute Intervention Observation Vital signs Fever

Types of Inflammation Acute Healing occurs in 2 to 3 weeks, usually leaving no residual damage Neutrophils are predominant cell type at site of inflammation

Exudate Consists of fluid and leukocytes that move from circulation to site of injury Nature and quantity depend on type and severity of injury and

Chemical mediators Histamine Stored in granules of basophils, mast cells, platelets Causes vasodilation and increased capillary permeability Serotonin Stored in platelets, mast cells, enterochromaffin cells

Cellular response Blood flow through capillaries in area of inflammation slows as fluid is lost and viscosity increases Neutrophils and monocytes move to inner surface

Inflammation Sequential response to cell injury that: Neutralizes and dilutes inflammatory agent Removes necrotic materials Establishes an environment suitable for healing and repair Inflammatory response