Intraosseous infusion Temporary route of administration for use in an emergent situation in which venous access cannot be obtained Use an intraosseous or large bore

Description Benefits Care Considerations Tunneled Catheter (e.g., Hickman or Broviac Catheter) Silicone, radiopaque, flexible catheter with open ends or VitaCuffs (biosynthetic material impregnated with silver

Subcutaneous and intradermal administration Give anywhere there is adequate subcutaneous tissue. Common sites are the lateral aspect of the upper arm, abdomen, and anterior thigh

Intramuscular injection sites in children Vastus Lateralis Location Palpate to find greater trochanter and knee joints; divide vertical distance between these two landmarks into thirds;

Administration of medication Determination of drug dosage Few standardized doses ranges Body surface area Checking dosage Identification Two identifiers Preparing the parents Preparing the child

Blood specimens Guidelines for skin and vessel punctures To reduce the pain associated with heel, finger, venous, or arterial punctures: Apply EMLA topically over the

Urine  Urine collection bags For infants and toddlers who are not toilet trained, special urine collection bags with self-adhering material around the opening at the

Collection of specimens Fundamental steps common to all procedures Assemble the necessary equipment. Identify the child using two patient identifiers (e.g., patient name and medical

Restraining methods Alternative methods: Consider first Diversional activities Parental participation Therapeutic holding Use least restrictive Behavioral restraints Used when significant risk present Determine cause of

Safety Environmental factors Electrical equipment Furniture Strangulation Toys Preventing falls Risk factors for hospitalized children  Medication effects:  Postanesthesia or sedation; analgesics or narcotics, especially in

The child with fever Call Office Immediately If: Your child is younger than 2 months of age. The fever is over 40.6° C (105° F).